Lịch sử Kiến trúc phương Tây qua dòng thời gian

Explore architecture through the ages

1. Kiến trúc thời kỳ tiền sử | Architecture in Prehistoric Times ↑

Trước khi lập sử, con người đã biết xây dựng những vòng tròn đá, các đài đá lớn và những cấu trúc khác | Before recorded history, humans constructed stone circles, megaliths, and other structures.

2. Ai Cập cổ đại | Ancient Egypt ↑

3,050 BC đến 900 BC ở Ai Cập cổ đại, những kẻ thống trị đầy quyền lực đã xây dựng nên những tượng đài Kim tự tháp, đền thờ, và những nơi linh thiêng khác | 3,050 BC to 900 BC In ancient Egypt, powerful rulers constructed monumental pyramids, temples, and shrines.

3. Cổ điển | Classical ↑

850 BC đến 476 AD. Từ sự nổi lên của Hy Lạp cổ đại cho đến sự sụp đổ của đế chế La Mã, những công trình vĩ đại đã được xây dựng tùy theo những quyền lực nghiêm ngặt khác nhau | 850 BC to 476 AD. From the rise of ancient Greece until the fall of the Roman empire, great buildings were constructed according to precise rules.

4. Đầu Công nguyên và Trung cổ | Early Christian and Medieval ↑

373 đến 500 AD. Kiến trúc châu Âu đã thóat ra khỏi những hình thức giáo đường hình hộp và bắt đầu phong cách Byzantine đầy cảm hứng | 373 to 500 AD. European architecture moved from the rectangular basilica forms to the classically inspired Byzantine style.

5. Roman | Romanesque ↑ - 500 đến 1200 AD.

Khi Kiến trúc La mã lan đến châu Âu; mạnh mẽ hơn, kiến trúc Roman chắc nịch với những vòm cong nổi bật | 500 to 1200 AD As Rome spread across Europe, heavier, stocky Romanesque architecture with rounded arches emerged. -

7. Kiến trúc Phục Hưng | Renaissance Architecture ↑ -

1400 đến 1600 AD. Một sự trở lại với những ý tưởng cổ điển dẫn đến một "thời đại của sự thức tỉnh" ở Ý, Pháp, và Anh | 1400 to 1600 AD A return to classical ideas ushered an "age of "awakening" in Italy, France, and England. -

8. Baroque Architecture ↑-

1600 to 1830 AD In Italy, the Baroque style is reflected in opulent and dramatic churches with irregular shapes and extravagant ornamentation. In France, the highly ornamented Baroque style combines with Classical restraint. Russian aristorcrats were impressed by Versailles in France, and incorporated Baroque ideas in the building of St. Petersburg. Elements of the elaborate Baroque style are found throughout Europe.

9. Rococo Architecture ↑

1650 to 1790 AD During the last phase of the Baroque period, builders constructed graceful white buildings with sweeping curves.

10. American Colonial Architecture ↑

1600 to 1780 AD European settlers in the New World borrowed ideas from their homelands to create their own breed of architecture.

-11. Georgian Architecture

-1720 to 1800 AD Georgian was a stately, symmetrical style that dominated in Great Britain and Ireland and influenced building styles in the American colonies.

12. Neoclassical / Federalist / Idealist

-1730 to 1925 AD A renewed interest in ideas of Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio inspired a return of classical shapes in Europe, Great Britain and the United States.

13. Greek Revival Architecture

1790 to 1850 AD These classical buildings and homes often feature columns, pediments and other details inspired by Greek forms. Antebellum homes in the American south were often built in the Greek Revival style.

14. Victorian Architecture

-1840 to 1900 AD Industrialization brought many innovations in architecture. Victorian styles include Gothic Revival, Italianate, Stick, Eastlake, Queen Anne, Romanesque and Second Empire.

15. Arts and Crafts Movement in Architecture

-1860 to 1900 AD Arts and Crafts was a late 19th-century backlash against the forces of industrialization. The Arts and Crafts movement revived an interest in handicrafts and sought a spiritual connection with the surrounding environment, both natural and manmade. The Craftsman Bungalow evolved from the Arts and Crafts movement.

16. Art Nouveau Architecture-

1890 to 1914 AD Known as the New Style, Art Nouveau was first expressed in fabrics and graphic design. The style spread to architecture and furniture in the 1890s. Art Nouveau buildings often have asymmetrical shapes, arches and decorative surfaces with curved, plant-like designs.

Beaux Arts Vanderbilt Marble House in Newport, Rhode Island

17. Beaux Arts Architecture ↑

-1895 to 1925 AD Also known as Beaux Arts Classicism, Academic Classicism, or Classical Revival, Beaux Arts architecture is characterized by order, symmetry, formal design, grandiosity, and elaborate ornamentation.

Built in 1924, the Tribune Tower in Chicago is Neo-Gothic in design

-18. Neo-Gothic Architecture ↑

-1905 to 1930 AD In the early twentieth century, medieval Gothic ideas were applied to modern skyscrapers.

The Art Deco Chrysler Building in New York City has jazzy automobile ornaments

-19. Art Deco Architecture ↑

-1925 to 1937 AD Zigzag patterns and vertical lines create dramatic effect on jazz-age, Art Deco buildings.

20. 20th Century Trends in Architecture ↑

-1900 to Present. The century has seen dramatic changes and astonishing diversity. Twentieth century trends include Art Moderne and the Bauhaus school coined by Walter Gropius, Deconstructivism, Formalism, Modernism, Structuralism, and Postmodernism.

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